Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
454
455
454
Larva of
Phytomyza aquilegiae
.
455
Mines of
Phytomyza aquilegiae
in stipules of
Aquilegia
.
Phytomyza aquilegiae
Hardy (
454-455
)
Severe attacks by this leaf miner commonly occur on
wild and cultivated columbine (
Aquilegia vulgaris
). The
larvae form large, distinctive, greenish-white blotch
mines in the leaves, foliage often being destroyed and
plants seriously weakened; galleries are also formed in
the stipules. Pupation takes place on the ground in
reddish-brown puparia (2 mm long). Adults are mainly
black with a pale frons, and are larger (wings
2.1-2.5 mm long) than the other columbine-infesting
species
Phytomyza minuscula
.
Phytomyza minuscula
Goureau (
458-459
)
This species forms short, conspicuous, whitish,
irregular, linear leaf mines on columbine (
Aquilegia
vulgaris
) and meadow-rue (
Thalictrum
). Attacks are
common on columbines in gardens, often occurring in
company with the more destructive pest
Phytomyza
aquilegiae
. Pupation occurs in an orange puparium,
frequently attached to the lower surface of a leaf, close
to the end of the mine. Adults are relatively small
(wings 1.7-2.0 mm long) and mainly black with a pale
frons. Adult feeding punctures on the leaves of host
plants are sometimes very conspicuous.
Phytomyza calthophila
Hendel
The long, dark, snake-like mines of this widespread but
local species occur in the leaves of wild and cultivated
marsh marigold (
Caltha palustris
). Although
disfiguring, they are not harmful.
Phytomyza spondylii
Robineau-Desvoidy (
460
)
A common species on wild hogweed (
Heracleum
sphondylium
); also well established on certain introduced
ornamental umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae), including
giant hogweed (
Heracleum mantegazzianum
). The larvae
are yellowish, and form broadly linear mines. Larvae
eventually pupate on the ground after escaping through a
slit made in the lower surface of the leaf. Adults (wings
2.1-2.4 mm long) are blackish, with the sides of the
thorax pale; the legs are black, with just the knees of the
fore legs yellow.
Phytomyza cytisi
Brischke (
456-457
)
Leaf mines of this species are sometimes abundant
during the summer and again in the autumn on
Laburnum.
They are, however, less destructive than
those of
Agromyza demeijerei
(p. 195) and
Leucoptera
laburnella
(p. 220), two other leaf miners on laburnum.
The mines are formed mainly towards the upper leaf
surface. They are irregular, white and linear, with
obvious black frass scattered along their length. Larvae
pupate on the ground in brown puparia. Adults wings
(1.8-2.2 mm long) are mainly black with a pale frons.
Adult feeding punctures commonly disfigure the foliage
of host trees.
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