Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
201
202
201 Colony of Florida red scale ( Chrysomphalus aonidum ).
202 Citrus mussel scale ( Lepidosaphes beckii ).
203
204
203 Colony of fig mussel scale ( Lepidosaphes conchyformis ).
204 Fig mussel scale ( Lepidosaphes conchyformis ) damage to
leaf of Ficus carica .
Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus) ( 201 )
Florida red scale
This tropical and subtropical pest infests Citrus and a
wide range of other plants, especially palms and other
non-deciduous ornamentals. Although the pest occurs
outdoors on plants growing in parts of the southern and
south eastern Mediterranean basin (e.g. North Africa
and the Middle East), in Europe it is normally reported
only in greenhouses, hot-houses and so on. The female
tests are 2-4 mm in diameter, and dull purplish red with
a pale apex; male tests are of similar appearance, but
smaller and more elongate. Eggs are deposited by mated
females over an extended period and hatch within a few
hours into initally active, yellow nymphs. There are
several overlapping generations annually, and all stages
in the lifecycle often occur together.
Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret
Orchid scale
A common and virtually world-wide pest of
greenhouse-grown orchids, especially Calanthe,
Cattleya, Cymbidium and Epidendrum ; infestations also
occur on palms. Widespread in Europe.
DESCRIPTION
Female test: 2 mm long, flat and oval, yellowish to
brownish, and translucent. Male test: 0.8-1.0 mm long;
elongate, with three distinct longitudinal ribs, and
coated with white waxen threads. Adult female: yellow
to orange-yellow. Adult male : orange-yellow and alate,
with pale legs and antennae (the latter very long) and a
moderately long caudal spine. Egg: minute, oval and
yellow. Nymph: yellow.
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