Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
Disruption in Social Jetlag
and Mental Illness
†
*
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford,
United Kingdom
†
Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
†
†
, Céline Vetter
, Till Roenneberg
Contents
1. The Biology of Sleep
326
2. Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disruption Arising from Social Timing
326
3. SCRD and Psychoses
333
4. A Conceptual Framework for SCRD in Psychiatric Illness
334
4.1 Genes linked to mental illnesses that also play a role in sleep and circadian
rhythm generation and regulation
337
4.2 Genes that generate and regulate sleep and circadian rhythms that also play
a role in normal mental health
338
4.3 Where SCRD precedes mental illness
339
4.4 SCRD stabilization and its impact on mental illness
340
5. Conclusions
341
References
342
Abstract
Sleep and wake represent two profoundly different states of physiology that arise within
the brain from a complex interaction between multiple neural circuits and neurotrans-
mitter systems. These neural networks are, in turn, adjusted by three key drivers that
collectively determine the duration, quality, and efficiency of sleep. Two of these drivers
are endogenous, namely, the circadian system and a homeostatic hourglass oscillator,
while the third is exogenous
—
our societal structure (social time).
In this chapter, we outline the neuroscience of sleep and highlight the links
between sleep, mood, cognition, and mental health. We emphasize that the complexity
of sleep/wake generation and regulation makes this behavioral cycle very vulnerable to
disruption and then explore this concept by examining sleep and circadian rhythm dis-
ruption (SCRD) when the exogenous and endogenous drivers of sleep are in conflict.
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