The Circadian Clock in Cancer Development and Therapy - Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science - page 238

Table 9.2 Phenotypes of circadian gene-mutant mouse models—cont'd
Circadian
genes

Circadian behavior
phenotypes Mouse models Disease phenotype Key targets affected References

Cry Cry1 -null Shortened period Cancer prone N/A 29, 154

Cry2 -null Lengthened period Cancer prone N/A 29, 150, 154

Cry1 , Cry2
double
knockout

Arrhythmic Cancer prone, immune

deficiency, premature aging,
metabolic syndrome, cell cycle
control, neuroendocrine
deficiency, and deregulated drug
and DNA damage response

IL-6, MAPK/ERK, TNF a ,
WEE1, and XPA, GR, and
Gs a

29, 106, 126,
134, 149, 154,
170, 188-191

Tumor resistant 127, 128

Per Per1 -null Unstable period

length

Immune deficiency IFN g , Perforin, Granzyme B 155, 192

Per2 -null Shortened period

and arrhythmic in
constant darkness

Cancer prone, premature aging,
immune deficiency, and
deregulated drug response

c-MYC, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A,
GADD45 a , IFN g , IL-1 b ,
LY49C, MDM2, and p53

29, 124, 161,
193

Per2 mutant
( Per2 Brdm1 )

Shortened period
and arrhythmic in
constant darkness

Cancer prone, vascular
senescence, premature aging,
immune and neuroendocrine
deficiency, and metabolic
syndrome

AKT, b -catenin, CAR,
c-MYC, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A,
GADD45 a , IFN- g , IL-1,
IL-6, IL-10, MDM2, p53, and
NKG2D

29, 123, 124,
149-153, 155,
183, 193-196