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7. CONCLUSIONS
The circadian drive for wakefulness, the homeostatic drive for sleep,
and masking factors simultaneously interact to affect neurobehavioral func-
tioning. Moreover, interindividual differences in circadian parameters,
especially phase, and differential vulnerability to sleep loss also markedly
affect neurobehavioral responses, suggesting genetic underpinnings. The
sleep homeostat and neurobehavioral performance are affected by acute
total sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction, although the two forms
of sleep loss likely differentially affect neural and behavioral responses. Iden-
tification of biomarkers that accurately predict alertness and performance via
the complex interactions of the sleep homeostatic and circadian systems is of
high priority and will aid in predicting performance deficits and
implementing countermeasures in a variety of situations in which these
two processes are dynamically covarying, such as shift work, jet lag, and
imposed acute, chronic, or intermittent sleep loss.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Preparation of this chapter was supported by ONR N00014-11-1-0361 (NG), National
Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58 (MB, DFD), NIH
HL102119 (HR), and NIH NR004281 (DFD).
REFERENCES
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