Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 9
Memory
9.7.2 CuedRecall.................319
9.7.3 FreeRecall .................319
9.7.4 ItemEffects .................320
9.7.5 WorkingMemory ..............320
9.8 Summary ......................320
9.9 FurtherReading ..................3 21
Contents
9.1 Overview ......................275
9.2 Weight-Based Memory in a Generic Model of
Cortex........................277
9.2.1 Long-Term Priming . . . ..........278
9.2.2 AB-ACListLearning ............282
9.3 TheHippocampalMemorySystem ........287
9.3.1
9.1
Overview
Anatomy and Physiology of the Hippocampus287
Memory can be very broadly defined as any persistent
effect of experience. This definition is much broader
than the layperson's conception of memory as the abil-
ity to explicitly remember facts, figures, events, names,
and faces. The popular conception of memory is also
narrow in failing to appreciate the diversity of brain ar-
eas and representations that participate in the encoding
of any given “memory.” This notion of a unitary mem-
ory system was also a popular scientific conception, at
least until relatively recently. In this chapter we pro-
vide a broad perspective on memory that emphasizes
the contributions of several different brain areas and the
ways in which these areas may have become specialized
for different types of memory.
Consistent with our emphasis on understanding the
neural mechanisms underlying cognitive phenomena,
we focus on a mechanistic account of memory phenom-
ena. Thus, instead of describing the kinds of memories
subserved by different parts of the brain according to
memory content (e.g., implicit, declarative, spatial, vi-
sual, etc.), we distinguish the different components of
memory according to the properties of their underlying
9.3.2
Basic Properties of the Hippocampal Model
289
9.3.3
Explorations of the Hippocampus ......293
9.3.4
SummaryandDiscussion ..........296
9.4
Activation-Based Memory in a Generic Model of
Cortex........................298
9.4.1
Short-Term Priming . . . ..........298
9.4.2
Active Maintenance . . . ..........299
9.4.3
Robust yet Rapidly Updatable Active Main-
tenance
...................303
9.5
The Prefrontal Cortex Active Memory System . . 305
9.5.1
Dynamic Regulation of Active Maintenance
306
9.5.2
Details of the Prefrontal Cortex Model
. . . 307
9.5.3
ExploringtheModel.............310
9.5.4
SummaryandDiscussion ..........312
9.6
The Development and Interaction of Memory
Systems .......................314
9.6.1
BasicPropertiesoftheModel........314
9.6.2
ExploringtheModel.............315
9.6.3
SummaryandDiscussion ..........317
9.7
Memory Phenomena and System Interactions
. . 318
9.7.1
Recognition Memory
. . ..........318
275
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