Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Reservoir Model
Reservoir
Simulation
Base
Predicted
Floodmap
Update
Monitor
Yes
Error
No
Seismic-Derived
Floodmap
Difference
Production
Optimization
Interpretation
Figure 10.25
An idealised view of the time-lapse process (after King,
1996
).
stress sensitivity of the dry frame modulus,
saturation changes associated with oils with high
API and gas-oil-ratio,
pore fluid phase and compressibility,
reactivity of minerals and fluids.
large temperature changes for example
in a steam or fireflood (e.g. Jenkins et al.,
1997
),
Large time-lapse signals are likely with
significant porosity reduction associated
with compacting reservoirs (such as is seen
in North Sea Chalk reservoirs, e.g. Menghini,
1988
; Haugvalstad et al.,
2011
),
saturation and pressure changes in high porosity
unconsolidated reservoirs,
saturation changes from gas to water or
generation of solution gas as pressure drawdown
takes an oil reservoir below the bubble point,
240
rocks with extensive sets of open fractures.
