Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Rural Livelihoods in Southern Africa - Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development - page 157

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the IUCN Southern Africa Sustainable Use Specialist Group who
supported the production of this paper. Many thanks to individuals who
contributed grey literature comments, particularly Fred Nelson, Jon Barnes, Jean-
Michel Pavy, Vernon Booth, Brian Child, Rowan Martin and Russell Taylor. Also
thanks to Myles Mander who made valuable comments on a draft version of the
paper.

Notes

1 Exchange rate was 0.16977 on 1 June 2006.

2 Exchange rate from US$ to Rands was 0.1773 on 1 June 2001.

3 Exchange rate was 0.14409 on 1 June 2000.

4 Constant 2004 US$ values.

5 Constant 2004 US$ values.

6 N$ to US$ exchange rates for 1 June each year: 1999=0.16038; 2004=0.15104.

7 Exchange rate was 0.11819 on 1 June 2003.

8 Exchange rate of 4.78.

9 Exchange rate was 0.14355 on 1 June 2000.

10 Suich considers that most tourism enterprises in Livingstone host visitors interested

in nature-based activities, (Suich, pers. com. 2007), and therefore these enterprise
results are included here.

11 The DNPWLM data collated in the early stages of the CAMPFIRE programme

differ significantly from the WWF CAMPFIRE data for this period. Given that the
DNPWLM data were based on regular field audits, and on quotas set by
DNPWLM, and that WWF was not directly involved in data collection at the time,
some doubt must be cast on this early data in the WWF database. While there is
minor variation in income data, trophy data and standard values differ significantly in
the period 1989 to 1993.

12 Ammonium nitrate, for application in the early stages of maize cultivation.

References

Alexander, J. and McGregor, J. (2000) 'Wildlife and politics: CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe',
Development and Change , vol. 31, 605-627. Cited in Zeppel, H. (2006) Indigenous
Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management , Ecotourism series 3, CABI,
Trowbridge
Arntzen, J. (2003) 'An economic view on wildlife management areas in Botswana',
CBNRM Network Occasional Paper no.11. CBNRM Support Programme
SNV/IUCN
Arntzen, J. W., Molokomme, D. L., Terry, E. M., Moleele, N., Tshosa, O. and Mazambani,
D. (2003) Final Report of the Review of Community-based Natural Resource Management
in Botswana , Centre for Applied Research for the National CBNRM forum, Maun,
Botswana