Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Rural Livelihoods in Southern Africa - Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development - page 140

Table 7.3 Physical characteristics and base case financial values for five
Namibian conservancies in 2000 (US$)

Conservancy

To r ra Khoadi Nyae Mayuni Salambala

//Hoas Nyae

Characteristics
Land area (ha) 352,200 386,000 900,095 28,400 93,000

Core a wildlife area (ha) 108,586 177,650 900,095 13,300 11,000

Households (no.) 120 700 700 450 1,200

Starting wildlife density b
(ha per LSU equivalent) 427 160 464 43 3,875

Values
Project financial values
Initial capital investment ('000s) $171 $125 $506 $111 $204

Capital investment per ha $0.49 $0.33 $0.56 $3.88 $2.16

Capital investment per household $1,400 $178 $723 $246 $170

Annual net cash income ('000s) $13.7 $10.0 $38.4 $47.9 $19.2

Community financial values
Annual community cash income c ('000s) $58 $60 $29 $105 $61

Cash income per household $487 $86 $42 $234 $51

Cash income per ha $0.17 $0.16 $0.03 $3.74 $0.66

Annual community dividends d ('000s) $33 $30 $16 $32 $24

Dividends per household $273 $43 $23 $72 $20

Notes: Exchange rate used from 1 June 2000 of N$1 = US$ 0.14368. Original paper in N$
a Core areas, allocated primarily to wildlife (rest of land shared between wildlife and livestock).
b Density calculated for the total land area.
c Includes salaries and wages for conservancy employment, net cash income, and dividends.
d Annual surplus extracted for distribution to households.

Source: Barnes et al (2002)

benefits from the utilization of wildlife - mainly through joint-venture agreements
in tourism activities; and (2) non-use values (i.e. willingness to pay for conserva-
tion of the wildlife resources) through grants from donors, investing in the
CBNRM programme. Barnes et al (2002) concluded that non-consumptive and
safari-hunting tourism are particularly important income generators for all
conservancies. Also, the existence of natural wildlife populations on conservancies
(i.e. reducing the need for investments in stock) is a very significant factor affect-
ing the economic efficiency and financial viability of conservancies (also see
Chapter 16 by Barnes in this volume, for a detailed account of this research, and
more recent data).
One of the conservancies reviewed by Barnes et al (2002), the Torra conser-
vancy, is located in the Kunene region. In 2003 Torra conservancy earned income