Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
of organic, fair and ethical trade horticultural products, directly affecting the liveli-
hoods of smallholders or outgrowers who grow the majority of certified fresh hor-
ticultural products (with the exception of lowers). In Kenya, Frenh bean produc-
tion (along with other baby vegetables) goes mostly to the European supermarket
sector, and is regulated by a number of voluntary, multi-stakeholder codes for good
agricultural practice and ethical labour standards coming out of Europe, suh as
GLOBALG.A.P and the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) (IIED and NRI, 2008; Willer
et al.
, 2008). Of these exports, very litle is certiied fair trade (Fairtrade Labelling Or-
ganizations, 2009), although the recent accreditation of one of Kenya's largest horti-
cultural export companies signifies the potential for fair trade to grow in Kenya, des-
pite the global financial crisis. By contrast, Uganda (see
Figure 12.2
)
has the largest
area of land under certified organic production in Africa (an estimated 296,203 ha),
the majority of whih, similar to fair and ethical trade, is exported to Europe and
certified to EU organic standards (Wilier
et al.
, 2008). Uganda also produces 18,000
tonnes of fair trade cofee annually, as well as ethically traded vegetables suh as
green beans, snow peas, courgetes, baby corn, asparagus and squash, while some
crops are certified with a number of certification standards, including organics and
fair trade (Barrientos and Dolan, 2006).
Figure 12.1 Map of Kenya showing approximate location of Iveti Hills
