Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
ization (the FAO), in its 2010 State of Food Insecurity report, 13 per cent of Indone-
sia's entire population was undernourished during 2005-2007.
Food insecurity is also unevenly distributed across Indonesia. Indonesia's Food
Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) jointly released in 2010 by the World Food
Programme (WFP) and the National Food Security Agency, identifies 30 districts
(out of the then 346 districts in total) as receiving Priority 1 ranking according to
its Composite Food Security Index — and thus experiencing 'hronic food insecur-
ity'. Of these 30 districts, 16 were concentrated in Indonesian Papua and six were in
Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT, part of the island hain between Bali and East Timor).
Poverty is the primary factor resulting in food insecurity in Indonesia, with these
same provinces experiencing the highest poverty rates in Indonesia — with Papua
(see
Figure 10.1
)
the highest at 40 per cent (DKP, 2010). However, the relationship
between poverty and prevalence of undernourishment is by no means entirely linear.
The Special Province of Yogyakarta on Java experiences levels of poverty above the
national average but low levels of undernourishment, while other provinces, suh
as South Kalimantan, experience high levels of undernourishment amongst relat-
ively low levels of poverty (Bappenas, 2007). Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi
province — a rice surplus province — has been widely reported as experiencing nu-
merous fatalities due to malnutrition (Hajramurni, 2008). Suh apparent anomalies
demand solutions beyond a sole focus on either food self-sufficiency (at any scale) or
poverty reduction alone.
Figure 10.1 Map of Indonesia including Yahukimo District
