Complement Activation, Immunogenicity, and Immune Suppression as Potential Side Eff ects of Liposomes - Harnessing Biomaterials in Nanomedicine: Preparation, Toxicity, and Applications - page 314

Table 11.2 Size ranges of clinically applied liposomes and human viruses

*Size (d, nm) *Size (d, nm)

Liposomal
drug

Virus
family

Low end High end Low end High end

Ambisome 45 80 Adeno 70 90

Amphotec
Amphocyl

115 115 Arena 50 300

DaunoXome 45 45 Calici 35 40

Doxil (Caelyx) 80 95 Corona 120 160

Epaxal 100 200 Flavi 40 60

Inflexal V 100 200 Hepadna 42 42

Herpes 100 120

Orthomyxo 80 55

Papova 45 250

Paramyxo 120 300

Pox 250 75

Reo 75 120

Retro 80 180

Rhabdo 75 70

*Low and high ends are the minimal and maximal values in the size range obtained
from microbiology textbooks (viruses), and drug information (liposomes) or other
internet sources. Of note, the sizes of many other FDA-approved liposomes (e.g.,
Abelcet, Visudyne, DepoCyt, Extrasorb, DepoDur) are diff erent from those listed in
the table, or were not found in the literature.

Figure 11.2 Electron microscopic images of Doxil (a), HIV-1 (b), and other
common human viruses (c) scaled to each other in the nanometer region,
illustrating the morphological similarity of liposomes and viruses.