Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 11
Complement Activation,
Immunogenicity, and Immune
Suppression as Potential Side Eff ects of
Liposomes
Janos Szebeni
a
and Yechezkel (Chezy) Barenholz
b
a
Nanomedicine Research and Education Center,
Semmelweis University and Bay Zoltan Foundation for Applied Research,
Budapest, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
b
Laboratory of Membrane and liposome Research, Institute of Medical Research
Israel Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School,
Jerusalem, Israel
Jszebeni2@gmail.com, yb@cc.huji.ac.il, chezyb@gmail.com
Some therapeutically relevant liposomes are recognized by the im-
mune system as foreign, and the resulting innate or specific immune
response can be adverse to the host. The innate response can involve
the activation of the complement (C) system, which, via liberation
of anaphylatoxins (C5a, C3a), underlies an acute hypersensitivity
syndrome called C activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). CARPA
represents a potential barrier to the clinical use of reactogenic
liposomes in cardiac patients, as a main manifestation of C activation
in the body may be cardiopulmory distress. The adverse immune
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