Cryptography Reference
In-Depth Information
Note that
G
m
(
) is not cyclic when
N
is square-free but not prime.
To deal with non-square-free
N
it is necessary to define
G
(
Z
/N
Z
/p
n
). The details of
this depend on the algebraic group. For
G
a
and
G
m
it is straightforward and we still
have
G
a
(
Z
Z
)
∗
. For other groups it can be more
Z
/N
Z
)
= Z
/N
Z
and
G
m
(
Z
/N
Z
)
=
(
Z
/N
Z
complicated.
