Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cell
(VSEL) non-hematopoetic pluripotent
M. Ratajczak et al.,
Leukemia 2006,20:857-869
Morphology
VSELSC (MOUSE)
High N:C ratio
Only 0.02 % of all BMMNC
Lower with ageing
Small (D=2-4 uM), posses large nuclei
surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm,
and contain open-type chromatin
(euchromatin) that is typical for embryonic
stem cells
Scarce mitochondria
Embryonic-like bodies
Phenotype
Sca+lin-CD45-
CD45-
Internal markers
SSEA-1
Oct-4
Nanog
Rex-1.
Fig. 15.2
An adult counterpart of embryonic stem cells present in mouse bone marrow
Morphology
Phenotype
Only 3%
CD73+
Less then 20 uM diam.
High N:C ratio
CD44+
CD117+
hBMSC
CD29+
CD105+
CD34-
CD90+
RT-PCR negative for Oct-4 (ES & MAPSCs)
Clonogenic assay
Plating efficiency assay
BMSC
Ancestor (Parental cell)?
Fig. 15.3
Clonally expanded novel multipotent stem cells from human bone marrow regenerate
myocardium after myocardial infarction
was required in order to detect them, the problem which was solved by Ratajczak's
group. Their studies on FACS-purified BM cells combined with RT-PCR analysis
revealed that human and murine pluripotent non-hematopoietic cells are CXR4+,
CD34+, CD133+, CD45− and Sca-1+, lin−, CD45−, respectively. Thus, TCSCs
which are already differentiated, and/or VSELSCs that are CD34+, CD133+
(human) and Sca-1+ (mice), in fact “contaminate preparations of bone marrow cells
that are thought to be enriched in HSCs, only” (Fig.
15.3
). This may explain why
