Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
Walking, Romero et al., 2010
Running, Romero et al., 2010
Walking, Hirasaki et al., 1999
1.4
1.2
1
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
Velocity (m/s)
Figure 2.4 Step frequency for the walking and running test on a treadmill. Error bars represent one standard devi-
ation. Darker shaded area represents the 15th-percentile up to the average walking speeds for older pedestrians
(over 65 years old), while the clear-shaded area includes for the 15th-percentile up to the average walking speeds
for younger pedestrians (1464 years old). Average walking speeds of older and younger pedestrians from
Knoblauch et al. (1996).
ADXL335 and
6 G MMA7260Q) and two-axis accelerometers
( 6 18 G ADXL321) were employed and 60 s recordings were performed
at each speed.
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The stride frequency results are presented in Figure 2.4 for the walk-
ing and running tests (error bars represent one standard deviation). Step
frequencies for the walking test varied relatively linearly from 1.2 to
2.2 Hz (1
4 mph). A 1% variation in the step frequency was found
when this test was compared against that of Hirasaki et al. (1999), as
shown in Figure 2.4 . The average walking velocity of 1.4 m/s
( B 3.1 mph) was
found to have an associated step frequency of
1.9
0.1 Hz, while the running test showed an almost constant step fre-
quency of 2.5 Hz. The shaded regions were added for comparison pur-
poses for older and younger pedestrian average walking speeds. Average
walking speed has been reported to be 3.4 mph ( B 1.5 m/s) for younger
pedestrians and 2.8 mph ( B 1.3 m/s) for older pedestrians (over 65 years
old), while the 15th-percentile was 1.25 m/s for younger pedestrians and
0.97 m/s for older pedestrians (Knoblauch et al., 1996).
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