Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.5
a Pressure conversion table, b Torque (moment of force), c Pressure, d Force
a
a
Kgf/cm
2
mmHg
mmH
2
O
Atm
Bar
Psi
Pa
1.360 9 10
-3
1.316 9 10
-3
1.333 9 10
-3
1.933 9 10
-2
mmHg
1
13.60
133.3
7.356 9 10
-2
1 9 10
-4
0.968 9 10
-4
0.981 9 10
-4
1.422 9 10
-3
mmH
2
O
1
9.8067
Kgf/cm
2
735.6
10,000
1
0.968
0.981
14.22
98,067
Atm
760
10,332
1.033
1
1.013
14.71
101,325
Bar
750.1
10,197
1.020
0.987
1
14.50
100,000
Psi
51.72
703.1
0.070
0.068
0.069
1
6,895
7.501 9 10
-3
1.020 9 10
-5
9.869 9 10
-6
1 9 10
-5
1.45 9 10
-4
Pa
0.102
1
b
b
Nm
kg
f
m
pdl ft
lb
f
ft
N m
1
0.1020
23.73
0.7376
kg
f
m
9.807
1
232.7
7.233
4.297 9 10
-3
pdl ft
0.04214
1
0.03108
lb
f
ft
1.356
0.1383
32.17
1
c
c
N/m
2
lb/in
2
mbar
Bar
In Hg
atm
10
-3
9.869 9 10
-4
mbar
1
100
0.01450
0.02953
10
5
Bar
1000
1
14.50
29.53
0.9869
N/m
2
10
-5
1.450 9 10
-4
2.953 9 10
-4
9.869 9 10
-6
0.01
1
lb/in
2
68.95
0.06895
6,895
1
2.036
0.06805
In Hg
33.86
0.03386
3,386
0.4912
1
0.03342
1.013 9 10
5
atm
1013
1.013
14.70
29.92
1
d
d
N
kg
f
kN
pdl
lb
f
UK ton
f
10
-3
1.004 9 10
-4
N
1
0.1020
7.233
0.2248
9.807 9 10
-3
9.842 9 10
-4
kg
f
9.807
1
70.93
2.2046
kN
1000
102.0
1
7233
224.8
0.1004
1.383 9 10
-4
1.388 9 10
-5
Pdl
0.1383
0.0141
1
0.0311
32.174 1 4.464 9 10
-4
UK ton
f
9,964 1,016 9.964 72,070 2,240 1
a
Torr: unit used to represent absolute pressure close to absolute vacuum. Example 1 Torr = 1 mmHg abs, 10
-3
Torr = 0.001 mmHg abs
b
4.448 9 10
-3
lb
f
4.448
0.4536
SI unit Nm,Metric unit kg
f
m, Imperial units pdl ft, lb
f
ft
c
SI unit mbar, bar, N/m
2
, Imperial units lb/in
2
, in Hg, atm
d
SI units N, kN, Metric unit kg
f,
Imperial units pdl, lb
f
, UK ton
f
Various types of pressure unit and conversion to another unit are shown in
Table
2.5
a-d [
16
].
2.4.3 Flow Sensor
Flow rate is related to pressure by causing the flowing fluid to pass through some
form of restriction in the transport pipe, which creates a momentary loss of
pressure. This pressure differential is related mathematically to the flow rate [
8
].
Flow is usually monitored in open channels (gravity flow) and closed conduits
(pressurized flow in completely closed pipes).
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