Application of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering - Chitosan Based Hydrogels: Functions and Applications - page 402

9
Application of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials
in Tissue E ngineering
Changyong Wang, Junjie Li, and Fanglian Yao
CoNTENTS
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 408
9.2 Preparation of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds ....................................................................... 408
9.2.1 Chitosan-Based Porous Scaffolds ........................................................................ 408
9.2.2 Chitosan-Based Fiber Scaffolds ........................................................................... 410
9.2.3 Chitosan-Based Microsphere Scaffolds .............................................................. 412
9.3 Interactions between Chitosan-Based Biomaterials and Cells.................................... 414
9.3.1 Effect of Chitosan Chain Structure ..................................................................... 415
9.3.1.1 Attachment............................................................................................... 415
9.3.1.2 Proliferation ............................................................................................. 415
9.3.1.3 Migration.................................................................................................. 415
9.3.1.4 Differentiation ......................................................................................... 416
9.3.2 Effect of Chemical Composition .......................................................................... 416
9.3.3 Effect of Matrix Stiffness ...................................................................................... 417
9.3.4 Effect of the Spatial Architecture of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials ................ 420
9.4 Incorporation of Growth Factors in Chitosan-Based Biomaterials............................. 423
9.5 Application of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering ......................... 425
9.5.1 Blood Vessel ............................................................................................................ 426
9.5.2 Skin .......................................................................................................................... 427
9.5.2.1 Epidermal Cover ..................................................................................... 428
9.5.2.2 Dermal Equivalent .................................................................................. 428
9.5.2.3 Full-Thickness Replacement .................................................................. 432
9.5.3 Cartilage .................................................................................................................. 435
9.5.3.1 Chitosan-Based Hydrogels-Chondrocytes Construct ...................... 436
9.5.3.2 Chitosan-Based Porous Hydrogels-Chondrocytes Construct ......... 438
9.5.4 Bone ......................................................................................................................... 443
9.5.4.1 Chitosan-Based Polymeric Porous Scaffolds....................................... 445
9.5.4.2 Chitosan-Ceramic Composite Scaffolds ............................................. 446
9.5.5 Nerve ....................................................................................................................... 448
9.5.6 Liver ......................................................................................................................... 453
9.6 Summary and Outlook ..................................................................................................... 455
9.6.1 Design of Complicated Scaffolds......................................................................... 456
9.6.2 Stem Cell Technology and Chitosan-Based Biomaterials ................................ 457
References..................................................................................................................................... 458
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