Bioactivities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives - Chitosan Based Hydrogels: Functions and Applications - page 128

Figure 3.5
Effect of the proportion and type of PP in chitosan on (a) platelet adhesion and (b) thrombin generation over
time, as measured by the levels of the TAT complex. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 compared to chitosan, analyzed by
one-way ANOVA with the post-hoc Scheffe test, n = 4. SEM micrographs show that more platelets adhered on
chitosan-10% PP (f) than on chitosan (c); the scale bar represents 20 μm. Platelets also formed more aggregates
and pseudopods on chitosan-10% PP (g, h) than on chitosan (d, e); the scale bar represents 5 μm.
chitosan (Figures 3.5d, e, g, and h). Only bloodcontacted with chitosan-10% PP45 had
significantly higher TAT levels than chitosan after 30 min (Figure 3.5b). The level of
TAT in blood contacted with hitosan-10% PP45 was 100-fold higher than baseline no-
sample controls. Significantly lower levels of TAT were measured in blood contacted
with gauze ( p < 0.05) than in blood contacted with chitosan-based biomaterials. After
immersion for 2 h in respective fluids, chitosan-10% PP45 (coded as ChiPP) absorbed
about two times as much blood as chitosan (16.3 ± 1.8 g/g compared to 8.2 ± 0.8 g/g,
p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with the post-hoc Scheffe test, n = 5). Both chitosan and chi-
tosan PP absorbed about the same amount of SBF ( w = 17.5 g/g, not significant). Gauze
absorbed about 5.2 g/g of both blood and SBF, which was significantly less than both
chitosan-based materials ( p < 0.001, n = 5).