Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
cells expressing FRs. FA-chitosan-DNA nanoparticles were synthesized using reductive
amidation and a complex coacervation process [77]. FA-chitosan-DNA shows very low
cytotoxicity. Moreover, the FA linkage to chitosan did not affect the properties of nano-
particles. Nanoparticle-FA aggregates are promising candidates for nonviral gene therapy
in cancer and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, where FA receptors are
overexpressed at the cell membrane.
3.1.3 Conclusions
Chitosan has been widely used in pharmaceutical and medical areas because of favorable
biological properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, hemostatic,
bacteriostatic, fungistatic, anticarcinogen, and anticholesteremic properties, as well as rea-
sonable cost. Owing to its unique cationic nature, chitosan is able to interact electrostati-
cally with negatively charged polyions such as indomethacin, sodium hyaluronate, pectin,
and acacia polysaccharides; it has been found to interact with negatively charged DNA in
a similar fashion. The development of water-soluble chitosan is a prerequisite to successful
implementation in gene delivery. A polycationic carrier that incorporates cell-specific
ligands such as galactose has been shown to improve transfection efficiency. Bioactive
molecule-conjugated chitosan would make a promising nonviral vector for targeted gene
delivery.
References
1. Lydyard, P. and Grossi, C. 1998. The lymphoid system. In: Roitt, I, Brostoff, J, Male, D. eds.
Immunology . London: Mosby, pp. 31-42.
2. Alpar, H. O., Ward, K. R., and Williamson, E. D. 2000. New strategies in vaccine delivery. STP
Pharma Sci 10: 269-278.
3. Van der Lubben, I. M., Konings, F. A. J., Borchard, G., Verhoef, J. C., and Junginger, H. E. 2001.
In vivo uptake of chitosan microparticles by murine Peyer's patches: Visualization studies using
confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. J Drug Target 9: 39-47.
4. Barackman, J. D., Singh, M., Ugozolli, M., Ott, G.S., and OHagan, D. T. 1998. Oral immunization
with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles containing an entrapped recombinant glycopro-
tein (gD2) from Herpes simplex type 2 virus. STP Pharma Sci 8: 41-46.
5. Igartua, M., Hernandez, R. M., Esquisabel, A., Gascon, A. R., Calvo, M. B., and Pedraz, J. L.
1998. Enhanced immune response after subcutaneous and oral immunization with biode-
gradable PLGA microspheres. J Control Release 56: 63-73.
6. Cho, N. H., Seong, S. Y., Chun, K. H., Kim, Y. H., Kwon, I., Ahn, B. Y., and Jeong, S. Y. 1998.
Novel mucosal immunization with polysaccharide-protein conjugates entrapped in alginate
microspheres. J Control Release 53: 215-224.
7. Heritage, P. L., Underdown, B. J., Brook, M. A., and McDermott, M. R. 1998. Oral administra-
tion of polymer-grafted starch microparticles activates gut-associated lymphocytes and primes
mice for a subsequent systemic antigen challenge. Vaccine 16: 2010-2017.
8. Eldridge, J. H., Hammond, C. J., Meulbroek, J. A., Staas, J. K., Gilley, R. M., and Rice, T. R. 1990.
Controlled vaccine release in the gut associated lymphoid tissues. I. Orally administered bio-
degradable microspheres target the Peyer's patches. J Control Release 11: 205-214.
9. Kuper, C. F., Koornstra, P. J., Hameleers, D. M. H., Biewenga, J., Spit, B. J., Duijvestijn, A. M.,
van Breda Vriesman, P. J. C., and Taede Sminia, T. 1992. The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid
tissue. Immunol Today 13: 219-224.
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search