Bioactivities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives - Chitosan Based Hydrogels: Functions and Applications - page 107

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Bioactiviti es of Chitosan and Its Derivatives

Aiping Zhu and Jian Shen

CoNTENTS
3.1 Cytocompatibility .............................................................................................................. 110
3.1.1 Immunocyte ........................................................................................................... 110
3.1.1.1 Vaccine Encapsulation Matrix............................................................... 111
3.1.1.2 Chitosan as a Gene Vector ..................................................................... 112
3.1.1.3 Chitosan Derivatives as a Gene Delivery Matrix ............................... 114
3.1.1.4 Clinical Applications of Chitosan-DNA Systems .............................. 116
3.1.2 Target Cell ............................................................................................................... 117
3.1.2.1 Hepatocyte-Targeting Gene Delivery .................................................. 117
3.1.2.2 Macrophage-Targeting Therapy............................................................ 117
3.1.3 Conclusions............................................................................................................. 119
References..................................................................................................................................... 119
3.2 Blood Compatibility .......................................................................................................... 123
3.2.1 Hemolytic Potential ............................................................................................... 123
3.2.1.1 Preparation of Chitosan Microspheres ................................................ 123
3.2.1.2 Blood Collection and Platelet Isolation ................................................ 124
3.2.1.3 Dynamic Blood Clotting Test ................................................................ 124
3.2.1.4 Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation ..................................................... 124
3.2.1.5 Hemolysis Test......................................................................................... 124
3.2.1.6 Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ........ 125
3.2.1.7 Hemolytic Properties.............................................................................. 125
3.2.2 Hemostatic Potential.............................................................................................. 128
3.2.2.1 Characterization ...................................................................................... 128
3.2.2.2 Hemostatic Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives ....................... 129
3.2.2.3 Hemostatic Mechanism.......................................................................... 131
3.2.3 Blood Compatibility .............................................................................................. 131
3.2.3.1 Platelet Adhesion .................................................................................... 132
3.2.3.2 Protein Adsorption ................................................................................. 132
3.2.3.3 Blood-Compatible Chitosan Derivatives ............................................. 132
3.2.4 Conclusions............................................................................................................. 135
References..................................................................................................................................... 136
3.3 Antimicrobial Activity ...................................................................................................... 138

3.3.1 Evaluation Index of Antimicrobial Activity ...................................................... 139

3.3.1.1 Bacterial Strains and Growth Conditions ........................................... 139

3.3.1.2 Test of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration........................................ 139

3.3.1.3 Determination of Inhibitory Zone Diameters .................................... 140

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