Optical Imaging - Correction Techniques in Emission Tomography - page 241

Chapter12
OpticalImaging
Angelique Ale and Vasilis Ntziachristos
Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technical University of Munich
and Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
12.1 Introduction :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 241
12.2 Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) ::::::::::::::::::::: 244
12.2.1 Light propagation model :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 244
12.2.1.1 Photon interaction with biological tissue :::: 244
12.2.1.2 The diusion approximation ::::::::::::::::: 246
12.2.1.3 Model for a uorescence heterogeneity ::::::: 248
12.2.2 Reconstruction of the uorochrome distribution :::::::: 249
12.3 FMT and hybrid FMT systems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 251
12.3.1 Instrumentation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 251
12.3.1.1 Illumination :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 251
12.3.1.2 Detection ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 252
12.3.1.3 360 projections :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 252
12.3.2 Multimodal optical imaging ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 253
12.3.2.1 Optical tomography and MRI :::::::::::::::: 253
12.3.2.2 FMT-XCT :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 254
References ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 257
12.1 Introduction
Optical imaging refers to imaging techniques that use light as a tool of
observation. A large variety of light sources, from visible to near-infrared light,
can be used in many different source-detector configurations. This has enabled
the development of a wide range of imaging methods and approaches from the
macroscopic observation of a patient or an animal to microscopic studies, with
numerous applications in clinical practice and biomedical research.
New optical imaging techniques are continuously emerging at the macro-
scopic [4, 14, 32, 41, 28] and microscopic levels [2, 19, 20, 21, 47, 50, 51, 60, 61].
Macroscopic developments include mainly the noninvasive imaging of func-
tional and molecular contrast in tissues in vivo [34, 40, 58]. These approaches
take advantage of the wealth of contrast mechanisms and physical properties
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