Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 13.4 Number of vaccine manufacturers of ACIP-recommended vaccines posted on CDC
vaccine price list, November 5, 2008
Nr of vaccine/age
classes
% of all vaccine/age
classes
Number of manufacturers per vaccine/age class
1
17
57
2
10
33
3
1
3
4
1
3
5
1
3
Total number of vaccine/age classes on CDC list
30
100
Source : Based on Table 3-1 in Berndt et al. ( 2009 )
Fig. 13.3 Competitor share in selected franchises, Western Europe. Source : Sanofi Aventis,
Vaccines IR Seminar, December 17th, 2009
had only one manufacturer, 33 % had two, and only 9 classes had between three and
fi ve manufacturers in 2008 (see Table 13.4 ). In Western Europe, two companies
accounted for 100 % of the HPV vaccine market, and three companies for 94 %
of the pediatric vaccine market in 2008 (see Fig. 13.3 ). Like for therapeutics, con-
centration is higher for novel types of vaccines than for older vaccines.
The high concentration in most high-income countries is the result of the exit
of many manufacturers from the vaccine industry over the last 40 years combined
with a low entry rate. For example, the number of companies manufacturing vac-
cines in the United States declined from 26 in 1967 to 17 in 1980 and to 3 in 2004
(Berndt et al. 2009 ). Countries, such as China which currently still have a large
 
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