Robotics Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 11.
Alan Turing (Courtesy of the Archive Centre, King's College Cambridge)
proved useful in the development of the special-purpose digital computer
Colossus, which was built in London in 1943 and used to crack the Fish
cyphers.
From 1945 to 1948 Turing worked at the U.K. National Physical
Laboratory on the design of a computer called ACE.
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In 1949 he be-
came Deputy Director of the computing laboratory at the University of
Manchester, and worked on software for one of the earliest computers—
the Manchester Mark I. During this period he continued research into
more abstract projects and, in the journal
Mind
, he published his seminal
article: “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. In that article Turing
discussed artificial intelligence (though not under that name—the term
was not coined for another five years), and proposed what is now known
as the Turing Test, an attempt to define a standard that a machine had to
achieve if it were to be described as having intelligence and being aware
of its own existence.
“Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
The repercussions of Turing's famous paper, and in particular its first
section on the Imitation Game, have resonated throughout the world of
Artificial Intelligence ever since. This, arguably, is the most significant
publication in the entire history of AI.
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Automatic Computing Engine.
