Robotics Reference
In-Depth Information
1. It behaves in ways that appear to arise from emotions.
2. It has fast primary emotional responses to certain stimuli.
3. It can cognitively generate emotions by reasoning about situations,
especially as they concern the robot's goals, standards, preferences
and expectations.
4. It can have emotional experiences such as cognitive awareness (for
example, fear), physiological awareness (such as pain) and subjec-
tive feelings (such as an intuitive like or dislike for something).
5. Its emotions interact with other processes that imitate human cog-
nitive and physical functions, such as memory, perception and
learning.
Models of Emotion in Robots
A machine becomes human when you can't tell the difference any
more.[Dr.Bowman,in 2001: A Space Odyssey ]
Robots need an internal model of emotion in order to enable them to
recognize and synthesize emotions and to express them. A robot's emo-
tion model should enable it to discuss its emotions in the same way
we humans do. For example, something that upsets humans such as a
friend's serious illness or seeing an earthquake causing massive loss of life
on television, these should also upset a socially aware robot. The robot's
emotional model should be able to evaluate all types of situation that the
robot might encounter, measure the intensity of the emotions of others
and to express its own emotions in appropriate intensities. Such a model
will enable robots to express the essential emotions with suitable inten-
sities and at the appropriate times, all of which is necessary if it is to be
convincing.
A Simple Model of Emotion
In order to explain how a very simple model of emotion might be pro-
grammed, let us consider a robot that has only two emotions, joy and
distress, and a single variable, called pleasure, that measures whether the
robot is in a joyous or a distressed mood. The robot might start life
with the pleasure variable set to zero—whenever something happens that
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