Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2.2
Set of Minimum Nanomaterial Information Required for Nanotoxicological Studies with Applicable and Recommended (in bold)
Characterization Techniques
Information
Information Source
Nanomaterial identity
Manufacturer name
Supplier
Batch number
Manufacturer
Method of synthesis
Manufacturer
Age and storage conditions
Manufacturer and own handling
Sample preparation
Documentation of guideline or operational procedure for testing
Information
Characterization Technique
Agglomerate or
aggregate properties
Morphology
Agglomerate shape
SEM, TEM, COM
Size distribution
DLS
, SEM,
TEM
, NTA
Pore size distribution
BJH
, SAXS
Primary particle
properties
Morphology
Particle shape and aspect ratio
TEM
, SEM, AFM
Size distribution
TEM
,
DLS
, SEM, NTA
Presence of surface coating
TEM
, SIMS-ToF, SAXS, TGA (for organic coatings)
Porosity
TEM
, SEM, SAXS, BJH
Crystalline phase
XRD
, TEM/XRD, HR-TEM
Chemistry
Chemical composition and
levels of impurities
Elemental analysis (
ICP-MS/OES
, AAS, CHN-analysis), SEM/EDX, TEM/
EDX, XFA, FTIR, UV/Vis, NMR, Raman
Solubility
Solubility testing in different media: water, cell culture medium, serum, etc.
Surface properties
Physical
properties
Specific surface area
BET
Surface charge
Zeta potential
, PCS, tensiometry
Chemistry
Surface chemical composition
XPS
, STEM/EDX, SIMS
Surface functionality and
basicity/acidity
Titration
, fluorescence staining, AFM/FDC
Surface reactivity
Derivatization
reactions with XPS or fluorescence detection
