Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2.1 (Continued)
List of Acronyms for Analytical Methods and Statistical Character of the Method
Acronym
Method
Type
Information
Raman
Raman spectroscopy
SSP
Chemical bonding, defects,
fingerprint spectra
SAXS
Small-angle x-ray scattering
EAA
Particle core/shell sizes and
form factor [2,18]
SEM/EDX
STEM with energy dispersive
x-ray spectroscopy
SSP
Chemical composition for heavier
elements, not quantitative
SIMS
Secondary ion mass
spectrometry
EAA
Surface composition profile
SLS
Static light scattering
EAA
Apparent particle size [27]
SMPS
Scanning mobility particle sizer
I PA
Apparent particle size
(aerodynamic radius) [29]
Solubility
Solubility testing
EAA
STEM
Scanning TEM
I PA
Chemical material analysis with
nanometer resolution
STM
Scanning tunneling microscopy
I PA
Size, morphology, topography
STS
Scanning tunneling
spectroscopy
I PA
Chemical composition and band
structure
TEM
Transmission electron
microscopy
EAA
Size, morphology
TEM/ED
Electron diffraction
I PA
Crystal structure, chirality
TEM/EDX
STEM with energy dispersive
x-ray spectroscopy
I PA
Chemical composition for
heavier elements, purity
TEM/EELS
STEM with EELS
I PA
Atomic composition, chemical
bonding
TEM/XRD
STEM with XRD
I PA
Local crystalline structure
TGA
Thermogravimetric analysis
EAA
Oxidation stability, ash content,
elemental/organic carbon,
surface chemistry (MS coupled)
Titration
Potentiometric acid-base
titration of solid particles
(Boehm titration)
EAA
Surface acidity/basicity
TPD
Temperature programmed
desorption
EAA
Adsorption sites and reactivity
fingerprint
USS
Ultrasonic spectroscopy
EAA
Concentration in suspension
UV/Vis/NIR
Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy,
near-infrared spectroscopy
EAA
XFA
X-ray fluorescence analysis
EAA
Atom concentrations
XPS
X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy
EAA
Chemical composition and
oxidation state
XRD
X-ray diffraction
EAA
Crystallinity, domain sizes,
lattice spacing
Note: EAA, ensemble-averaging analysis; IPA, individual particle analysis; SSP, IPA is possible
only for spatially separated particles with a mutual distance exceeding the spatial resolu-
tion of the analysis technique used, see Section 2.4.1.
 
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