Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.6
Existing Modeling Approaches for Quantifying Potential Releases of Nanoparticles
LC Stages
Encompassed
Emission Compartments/
Process
Level of
Specificity
Sources
Object(s) of Study
Prod.
Use
Disp.
Technique Used
Boxall et al.
81
Products containing metal
×
×
×
Direct emissions to water, air,
and soil (e.g., WWTP, runoffs,
air deposition)
UK system
MFA
Blaser et al.
82
Ag-embedded textiles and
plastics
×
×
Wastewater treatment plant +
direct emissions
EU system
MFA
Park et al.
83
CeO
2
in fuel additive
×
Fuel combustion
Generic
Existing models for
particle emissions
Mueller and
Nowack
84
Nano-Ag, nano-TiO
2
, carbon
nanotubes
×
×
×
All compartments (emissions to
water, air, and soil)
CH system
MFA
O'Brien et al.
85
Exterior paints (TiO
2
), food
packaging (Ag), fuel
additives CeO
2
×
Wastewater treatment plant
IR system
Deterministic
algorithms
Gottschalk et al.
86,87,
a
Nano-TiO
2
, nano-ZnO,
nano-Ag, carbon
nanotubes, fullerenes
×
×
×
All compartments (emissions to
water, air, and soil)
EU, USA,
CH system
Probabilistic MFA
Arvidsson et al.
88
TiO
2
products
×
×
×
Wastewater treatment plant +
direct emissions
CH system
MFA
Source:
Based on Gottschalk, F. and Nowack, B.,
J. Environ. Monit.
,
13,
1145, 2011.
a
Rely on the same modeling approach.