Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.6
Existing Modeling Approaches for Quantifying Potential Releases of Nanoparticles
LC Stages
Encompassed
Emission Compartments/
Process
Level of
Specificity
Sources
Object(s) of Study
Prod.
Use
Disp.
Technique Used
Boxall et al. 81
Products containing metal
×
×
×
Direct emissions to water, air,
and soil (e.g., WWTP, runoffs,
air deposition)
UK system
MFA
Blaser et al. 82
Ag-embedded textiles and
plastics
×
×
Wastewater treatment plant +
direct emissions
EU system
MFA
Park et al. 83
CeO 2 in fuel additive
×
Fuel combustion
Generic
Existing models for
particle emissions
Mueller and
Nowack 84
Nano-Ag, nano-TiO 2 , carbon
nanotubes
×
×
×
All compartments (emissions to
water, air, and soil)
CH system
MFA
O'Brien et al. 85
Exterior paints (TiO 2 ), food
packaging (Ag), fuel
additives CeO 2
×
Wastewater treatment plant
IR system
Deterministic
algorithms
Gottschalk et al. 86,87, a
Nano-TiO 2 , nano-ZnO,
nano-Ag, carbon
nanotubes, fullerenes
×
×
×
All compartments (emissions to
water, air, and soil)
EU, USA,
CH system
Probabilistic MFA
Arvidsson et al. 88
TiO 2 products
×
×
×
Wastewater treatment plant +
direct emissions
CH system
MFA
Source: Based on Gottschalk, F. and Nowack, B., J. Environ. Monit. , 13, 1145, 2011.
a Rely on the same modeling approach.
 
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