Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.1 (Continued)
Overview of LCA Studies Dedicated to Nano-Based Products
a
LC Stages Included
c
'Impact' Assessment Coverage
d
Application/Product
Category
b
Nontoxic
Impacts
e
Toxic
Impacts
e
NP-Specific
Toxicityf
f
Nanomaterials
RM
P
U
D
Energy
References
x
x
(x)
Nanosilver
(nanowires);
SWCNT
Transparent conductors used
in organic photovoltaic
modules
-
+++
-
-
-
Emmott et al.
38
Nanoclay
Polypropylene composite
used in automotive panels
x
x
x
-
-
+
(GW, Inv.)
+
(Inv.)
-
Lloyd et al.
39
Nanoclay
Polypropylene composite
used in packaging film,
agricultural film, and
automotive panels
x
x
x
x
-
+++
-
-
Roes et al.
25
Nanoclay
Biopolymers
x
x
-
-
+++
+
(GW, Inv.)
+
(Inv.)
-
Joshi et al.
26
Nanoclay, SiO
2
,
CNT
Polymers
x
x
x
x
+++
+
(GW)
-
-
Roes et al.
40
x
x
x
Quantum dots
White-light emitting LEDs
-
+++
+
(GW)
-
-
Steinfeldt et al.,
30
von Gleich et al.
31
Quantum dots
Photovoltaic systems
x
x
x
-
+++
+
(GW, AC)
+
(Inv.)
-
Sengul et al.
41
Nanocrystalline
silicon
Multi-junction photovoltaic
modules
x
x
(x)
-
+++
-
-
-
Kim et al.
42
