Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.1
Overview of LCA Studies Dedicated to Nano-Based Products
a
LC Stages Included
c
'Impact' Assessment Coverage
d
Application/Product
Category
b
Nontoxic
Impacts
e
Toxic
Impacts
e
NP-Specific
Toxicityf
f
Nanomaterials
RM
P
U
D
Energy
References
Carbon
nanoibers
NA (production)
x
x
-
-
-
+++
+++
-
Khanna et al.
14
x
x
Carbon
nanoibers
Polymer composites used in
automotive body panel
-
-
+++
-
-
-
Khanna et al.
15
Carbon
nanoibers
Glass fibre/epoxy composite
used in wind turbine blades
x
x
(x)
-
+++
-
-
-
Merugula et al.
16
Carbon
nanoibers
g
Polymer composites used in
automotive body panel
x
x
x
(x)
+++
-
-
-
Dhingra et al.
27
Carbon
nanotubes
Field Emissions Display
screen
x
x
x
x
+++
+++
-
-
Bauer et al.
28
Carbon
nanotubes
NA (production via CVD,
HiPCO, Arc Ablation)
x
x
-
-
-
-
+
(FE)
+++
Eckelman et al.
29
Carbon
nanotubes
Styrene production
x
x
-
-
+++
-
-
-
Steinfeldt et al.,
30
von Gleich et al.
31
x
x
x
Carbon
nanotubes
Field Emissions Display
screen
-
+++
-
-
-
Steinfeldt et al.,
30
von Gleich et al.
31
Carbon
nanotubes
NA (production)
x
x
-
-
+++
-
-
-
Kushnir et al.
19
Carbon
nanotubes
NA (production)
x
x
-
-
-
+++
+++
-
Singh et al.
32