Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4.2.4
Intraperitoneal
The LD
50
in rats given methanol intraperitoneal (i.p.) was approxi-
mately 9.5 g/kg bw and in the mouse given methanol i.p. was 10.5-
11.5 g/kg bw (Gilger et al., 1952). These doses are similar to oral LD
50
in rats and mice.
Four rhesus monkeys, four pigtail monkeys, and rats were given
4 gm/kg intraperitoneal doses of methanol, one out of four rhesus and
one out of four pigtail died. The surviving pigtail monkeys had coma
and severe acidosis, while only one of the surviving rhesus monkey
showed mild acidosis, suggesting a difference in response in different
strains of monkeys. The pigtail monkey is much more sensitize and
more like humans than the rhesus monkey. The rats showed no adverse
effects (Clay et al., 1975).
4.2.5 Subcutaneous
The LD
50
in mice following subcutaneous injection was about
10 gm/kg bw but in neonatal mice the reported valve was 4 gm/kg bw
(Goldenthal, 1971).
4.2.6
Intravenous
An intravenous (IV) dose of 4.2 gm/kg resulted in death in a rabbit
shortly after treatment (Gilger and Potts, 1955).
In dogs given 2.5-4.7 gm/kg methanol (IV), transient ocular symp-
toms, similar to the response seen in monkeys given methanol orally
were reported (Marc-Aurele and Scheiner, 1960).
4.2.7 Other Acute Studies
There are several short-term studies in rats receiving high doses of
methanol (
>
1000mg/kg). Doses
>
1000mg/kg are reported to be lethal
in humans and above the levelwere catalase (CAT), the enzyme in rodents
that breaks down methanol to formaldehyde, is saturated (Horton et al.,
1992). These studies in rats exposed at levels
>
1000mg/kg looked at
