Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 4.5
( Continued )
Exposure
Time
Hours
Species
Concentration, mg/l
References
Tiger shrimp
24
96
LC 50 ¼ 25,000
LC 50 ¼ 13,000
NEDO (1986)
Brown shrimp
48
96
LC 50 ¼ 1,975
LC 50 ¼ 1,340
Portmann and Wilson (1971)
Glass shrimp
18
LC 50 ¼ 21,900
Bowman et al. (1981)
Flatworm
96
LC 50 ¼ > 100
Ewell et al. (1986)
LC 50 ¼ > 100
Scud
96
Ewell et al. (1986)
Scud
18
LC 50 ¼ 19,350
AQUIRE (1995)
Ramshorn snail
96
LC 50 ¼ > 100
Ewell et al. (1986)
Oligochaete
96
LC 50 ¼ >
100
Ewell et al. (1986)
Harpacticoid
copepod
96
LC 50 ¼ 12,000
AQUIRE (1995)
Sowbug
96
LC 50 ¼ > 100
Ewell et al. (1986)
Mosquito
18
LC 50 ¼ 20,000
AQUIRE (1995)
Mussel
96
LC 50 ¼ 15,900
Helmstetter et al. (1996)
Cockle
48
96
LC 50 ¼ 7,900
LC 50 ¼ 7,900-2610
Portmann and Wilson (1971)
Rotifer
24
LC 50 ¼ 35,884
Calleja et al. (1994)
4.9 CONCLUSION
In this chapter, the acute and general repeat toxicity in animals has been
reviewed as well as the aquatic toxicity. Methanol is generally classified
as practically nontoxic or very low toxicity following acute exposure by
the oral, dermal, and inhalation route in rodents. In general, the aquatic
results were similar, with low acute toxicity being the general pattern of
toxicity in fish and in aquatic invertebrate.
The lethal dose in humans is several folds lower than the lethal dose in
animals making it obvious that the human is more sensitive to the acute
effects of methanol than animals. The difference in the acute response in
animals and humans is due to difference in the metabolism of methanol
between animals and humans. The repeat methanol exposure data in
rodents shows general toxicological response such as effects on body
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