Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
For alga EC50 values (the concentration that reduces the maximum
observed biodegradation rate by 50%) ranged from 540mg/l for blue
green alga to 28,400mg/l for green alga (WHO, 1997).
There does not appear to be any chronic toxicity data in fish or
aquatic invertebrate in the literature. Neutral compounds such as
methanol have a low octanol-water partition and have a low acute
toxicity. Low levels of methanol (0.1ml/l) is used in some test protocol
(40 CFR 797.1560, ASTM E1241-92) as a solvent.
TABLE 4.5 Acute Toxicity of Methanol to Invertebrates
Exposure
Time
Hours
Species
Concentration, mg/l
References
Water flea
48
NOEL
¼
10,000
Verschuren (1983)
Water flea
24
EC
50
>
¼
>
10,000
(immobilization)
EC
50
¼
>
10,000
(immobilization)
Kuhn et al. (1989)
48
Water flea
24
EC
50
¼
23,500
(immobilization)
EC
50
¼
22,200
(immobilization)
Rossini and Ronco (1996)
48
EC
50
¼
24,500
Water flea
24
Bringmann and Kuhn (1982)
EC
50
¼
21,402
Water flea
24
Calleja et al. (1994)
Water flea
48
LC
50
¼
24,500
Randall and Knopp (1980)
Water flea
96
LC
50
¼
>
100
Ewell et al. (1986)
Water flea
3
LC
50
¼
38,000,
LC
50
¼
41,000
LC
50
¼
19,500
LC
50
¼
>
10,000
AQUIRE (1995)
18
24
Water flea
48
LC
50
¼
13,240
Vaishnav and Korthals (1990)
Brine shrimp
24
LC
50
¼
>
10,000
Price et al. (1974)
Brine shrimp
24
LC
50
¼
10,000
Verschuren (1983)
Brine shrimp
24-h old
48-h old
72-h old
24
24
24
LC
50
¼
1,578
LC
50
¼
1,101
LC
50
¼
901
Barahona-Gomariz et al.
(1994)
Brine shrimp
24
LC
50
¼
43,574
Calleja et al. (1994)
Grass shrimp
18
LC
50
¼
21,900
AQUIRE (1995)