Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 7. A message from the IVA
Based on the participants' nonverbal behavior, the tutor makes recommendations regarding
their participation and the expected stage sequence (i.e. Initial-Planning-Implement-
Reviewing). The “F” key was activated, and when the participants end the session, one of
them has to press it. The PVA messages regarding the stages are five and they are triggered
under the circumstances described in Table 6.
The facilitator also displays other six messages regarding participation, two for each group
member. The PVA verifies the percentage of participation from each member compared to
the whole group participation, and applies a formula that implies a tolerance range to an
exact equal participation.
Stage
Number / Message
Triggered when
Initial
0. “First step should be to talk about
what to do”
Elapsed time A (3000 ms) from the
beginning of the session in which
participants do not initiate either a
discussion period or implementation
Initial
1. “You should discuss before
starting the implementation”
If they start implementation without
having at least one discussion period,
which implies they did not make a plan
Implement
2. “A review of what you have until
now is advisable”
Elapsed time B (3000 ms) without a
discussion period
Implement 3. “You should try to work as a
team”
When the three of them were doing
implementation at the same time
Participants finish the session without
having at least one discussion period
after they finished the implementation.
Table 6. Messages from the facilitator to foster collaboration
Implement
4. “Before leaving the session you
should review your outcome”
The applied formulas were extracted from a real life situation (Peña & de Antonio, 2009) by
a regression model. When the participants are in the Planning or a Reviewing stage the
formula is based only on the subject talking time as follows:
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