Environmental Engineering Reference
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4. Suppose a wind project has the following losses: wakes, 7.2%; availability,
4.6%; electrical, 2.5%; and other, 2%. What is the total loss?
5. Using Equation 16.3, and with the speed frequency distribution in the table
below, the power curves in Figure 16-5, and assuming an air density of
1.20 kg/m
3
, estimate the annual average gross power output in gigawatt-hours
of a wind project consisting of 20 turbines (40 MW). With the “typical”
losses shown in Table 16-2, estimate the net annual power output. What
are the expected annual average gross and net capacity factors for
this
turbine?
Speed (m/s) (top of bin)
Frequency (%)
1
0.06%
2
1.06%
3
4.06%
4
10.09%
5
17.29%
6
18.42%
7
14.35%
8
11.92%
9
9.66%
10
5.92%
11
3.44%
12
2.34%
13
1.65%
14
1.09%
15
0.75%
16
0.51%
17
0.30%
18
0.19%
19
0.13%
20
0.07%
21
0.04%
22
0.03%
23
0.02%
24
0.01%
25
0.00%
6. Download and install the open-source (Community) version of the openWind
program (www.awsopenwind.org), or the demonstration version of another wind
plant design program,
if one is available. Download and step through the
tutorial.
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