Genomics of the Pleïotropic Glutathione System in Cyanobacteria - Advances in Botanical Research - page 155

CHAPTER FIVE

Genomics of the Pleïotropic
Glutathione System in
Cyanobacteria

Kinsley Narainsamy, Benoit Marteyn, Samer Sakr, Corinne
Cassier-Chauvat * , Franck Chauvat *
Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologie des Cyanobactéries, UMR8221, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
*Corresponding authors: E-mails: [e-mail] and [e-mail]

Contents
1. Introduction

158

1.1. TheFundamentalandBiotechnologicalInterestsofCyanobacteria 158

1.2. Size,OrganizationandPloidyofCyanobacterialGenomes 159

1.3. RedoxStressinCyanobacteria 164

2. GlutathioneanIntegrativeLinkbetweenCellMetabolismand
theDefencesagainstOxidativeandMetalStresses 165

2.1. ThePleiotropicRolesofGlutathione 165

2.2. BiosynthesisofGlutathione 166

2.3. DegradationofGlutathione 169

2.4. ReductionofGlutathione 169

3. GlutathioneOperatesintheDefenceagainstToxicEndogenousMetabolites 172

3.1. GlutathioneOperatesintheDetoxiicationofMethylglyoxal 172

3.2. GlutathioneOperatesintheDetoxiicationofFormaldehyde 174

4. GlutathioneProtectsCellsagainstChemicalandOxidative
StressesviatheGlutathioneTransferaseSystem 177

5. GlutathioneMaintainstheRedoxHomeostasisofProtein
ThiolsviatheGlutaredoxinSystem 177

6. ConcludingRemarks 181

Abstract
Cyanobacteria, only prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, are fascinating
microorganisms that are logically attracting a growing attention in various areas of
basicandappliedresearches.Cyanobacteriahavecolonizedmostwaterandsoilenvi-
ronments.Consequently,theysupportalargepartoflifeonEarthinrenewingtheoxy-
genicatmosphereandmakinguporganicassimilatesforthefoodchain.Furthermore,
cyanobacteriaare regardedaspromising'low-cost'microbialcell factories forcarbon