Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 12.2
Schematic
illustrations of key
nonequilibrium processes in
the three scenarios of rocky
exoplanet atmospheres in
comparison with the current
Earth. From
top
to
bottom
,
the four panels correspond to
the H
2
,N
2
,CO
2
atmospheres
and the atmosphere of Earth.
The
red color
highlights the
reactive radicals in each
atmospheric scenario, and the
blue color
highlights the
major photochemical
products in the atmosphere
(Reproduced from Hu et al.
2012
with the permission of
the AAS)
H, H
2
H
2
Atmosphere
H
2
O + UV ->
H
+ OH
OH + H
2
-> H
2
O +
H
H
2
S + H -> S ->
S8
->
S8 AER
UV
CO
2
+ UV -> CO +
O
CH
4
/CO + OH/H ->
CHO/CH
2
O/CH
4
O
CO2, H2, SO2,
CH4, H2S
CO
2
, CO, CH
2
O, CHO, CH
4
O, H
2
S, SO
2
, S
8
H
2
O
H
2
O, CO
2
, CH
2
O, CH
4
O, SO
2
H, H
2
O
2
+ UV ->
O
H
2
O + UV -> H
2
+
H
+
OH
; CO
2
+ UV -> CO +
O + O
2
N2 Atmosphere
UV
H
2
S + H -> S ->
S
8
->
S
8
AER
H
2
S/SO
2
+ OH/O
2
/O -> SO
2
->
H
2
SO
4
->
H
2
SO
4
AER
CH
4
/CO + OH/H ->
CHO/CH
2
O/CH
4
O
CO
2
, H
2
, SO
2
,
CH
4
, H
2
S
CO
2
, CH
2
O, CH
4
O, SO
2
, H
2
SO
4
, S
8
H
2
O, CO
2
, CH
2
O, CH
4
O, SO
2
, H
2
SO
4
H, H
2
O
2
+ UV ->
O
CO
2
+ UV ->
CO
+
O
+
O
2
; H
2
O + UV -> H
2
+
O
2
+
OH
CO2 Atmosphere
UV
CH
4
+ OH/O ->
CO
H
2
S/SO
2
+ OH/O
2
/O -> SO
2
->
H
2
SO
4
->
H
2
SO
4
AER
CO
2
, H
2
, SO
2
,
CH4, H
2
S
CO
2
, CO, SO
2
, H
2
S, H
2
SO
4
H
2
O
H
2
O, CO
2
, CH
2
O, SO
2
, H
2
SO
4
H, H
2
Earth Atmosphere
80% N
2
, 20% O
2
O
2
+ UV ->
O
O + O
2
->
O
3
O3 + H
2
O + UV ->
OH
+
O
2
CO/CH
4
+ OH/O
2
/O3 -> CO
2
H
2
S/SO
2
+ OH/O
2
/O
3
-> SO
3
->
H
2
SO
4
->
H
2
SO
4
AER
NO + OH/O
2
/O
3
-> NO
2
->
HNO
3
CO
2
, CO, CH4,
SO
2
, H
2
S,
N
2
O, NO, NH
3
UV
CO
2
, H
2
, SO
2
,
CH
4
, H
2
S
O
2
, CO
2
, NH
3
, HNO
3
H
2
S, SO
2
, H
2
SO
H
2
O
H
2
O, CO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
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