Mars Astrobiology: Recent Status and Progress - Planetary Exploration and Science: Recent Results and Advances - page 204

found in sedimentary deposits, and this can be applied to understand such places -
via geological comparisons - on planet Earth and on planet Mars. The more different
complementary techniques are used in those analyses, the more accurate will be the
research results outgiven.
So, I suggest more practically focused geological comparisons between selected
locations on these planets. In the case of Mars, there are still missing many texture
and microscopic analyses of minerals, to diminish the error bars related to the
Martian hydrogeological diagenesis. Such studies will be future made by samples-
return, in-situ and manned missions to that beautiful planet. The comparative
evolution of carbonate sedimentary deposits on these two worlds, Earth and Mars,
is very interesting to astrobiology, since we can better understand the origin and
evolution of life within Earth, the possibility of that within Mars, and elsewhere
in the cosmos. Nili Fossae has geochemical potential for which it could have had
a beginning of biogeochemical processes there - interesting to the multidiscipline
field of astrobiology.

8.6.2 Mathematical Turing Patterns in Estuarine Sediments

by Microbiological Activity

I did field observations regarding ecological microbial mat distribution in marine
estuarine locations, and by means of statistical mechanics, I discovered that we can
mathematically show that distribution by using Turing mechanisms.
For better explaining about Turing patterns, I begin a naïve statistical description
of a simple system by using an ensemble of small balls, but whose omission would
perhaps make the paper a bit difficult to read. Imagine that all of them are equal
except the colors, one group being red and the other white. If the balls do not
have long-range interaction among everyone, only very short-range elastic shock
interaction, and if all the balls have zero kinetic energy relative to each other, then
after some time of continuous measurement of this system, it will remain in the
same state.
But if, in this system, the balls have some kinetic energy, then after some time,
it will be in a different state with red balls arranged in positions differently from
the beginning of the measurement. Although clusters of red balls or white ones
during the measurement can occur, it is not common. But if the balls have long-
range interaction, then after some enough time of measurement, even if the balls
begin with zero kinetic energy, they will form clusters of separated colors.
We can see now that the mechanical statistics of systems displaying long-range
interactions leads to the formation of clusters within the system, setting apart from
initial homogeneity boundary conditions. And such kind of non-Boltzmann-Gibbs
statistics can be treated using the non-extensive statistical mechanics (Tsallis 1988 ;
Tsallis et al. 1998 ; Tsallis and Gell-Mann 2004 ). Now we can use a different
system, a group of just one kind of species of microorganisms, for instance, bacteria,