Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Mission
(1970-1989)
Arrival
at Mars
Launch
Termination
Elements
Outcome
Mars 3
28 May 1971
2 December
1971
22 August
1972
Orbiter
Success
2 December
1971
Lander,
rover
Partial success. First
successful landing;
landed softly but
ceased transmission
within 15 s
Mars 4
21 July 1973
10 February
1974
10 February
1974
Orbiter
Could not enter the
orbit, made a close
flyby
Mars 5
25 July 1973
2 February
1974
21 February
1974
Orbiter
Partial success.
Entered the orbit and
returned data but
failed within 9 days
Mars 6
5 August
1973
12 March
1974
12 March
1974
Lander
Partial success. Data
returned during
descent but not after
landing on Mars
Mars 7
9 August
1973
9 March
1974
9 March
1974
Lander
Landing probe
separated
prematurely; entered
the heliocentric orbit
Viking 1
20 August
1975
20 July 1976
17 August
1980
Orbiter
Success
13 November
1982
Lander
Success
Viking 2
9 September
1975
3 September
1976
25 July 1978
Orbiter
Success
11 April
1980
Lander
Success
Phobos 1
7 July 1988
2 September
1988
Orbiter
Contact lost while
en route to Mars
Lander
Not deployed
Phobos 2
12 July 1988
29 January
1989
27 March
1989
Orbiter
Partial success:
entered the orbit and
returned some data.
Contact lost just
before deployment
of landers
Landers
Not deployed
(continued)
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