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COSMIC (March 20,2008, 13.2 LT)
COSMIC (March 20,2008, 13.6 LT)
COSMIC (March 20,2008, 13.8 LT)
COSMIC (April 9,2008, 14.4 LT)
COSMIC (April 9,2008, 13.2 LT)
COSMIC (April 9,2008, 14.3 LT)
400
300
Earth's Ionosphere
200
100
0
10
4
10
5
Electron Density (cm
−
3
)
Fig. 7.2
Six sample profiles of electron density representing D, E and F layers as observed
in Earth's ionosphere by radio occultation experiment onboard COSMIC satellites at different
locations at nearly the same local time in the afternoon (Reproduced from Haider et al. (
2009a
)by
permission of John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
deposited within smaller altitude range in the upper ionosphere of Mars as compared
to the corresponding altitude range in the upper ionosphere of Earth. Figures
7.2
and
7.3
show sample profiles of electron density observed at nearly the same time,
location and solar conditions in the ionospheres of Earth and Mars, respectively
(Haider et al.
2009a
). Six profiles have been selected in the Earth's ionosphere from
COSMIC measurements carried out on 20 March 2008 at coordinates (72.7
ı
N,
153.4
ı
W), (51.8
ı
N, 49.5
ı
W), (49.8
ı
N, 144.5
ı
W), (67.3
ı
N, 146
ı
W) and (54
ı
N,
126.3
ı
W) and on 9 April 2008 at coordinates (58.4
ı
N, 93.6
ı
W). These observations
were carried out in the afternoon at nearly the same local time (13.2, 13.6, 13.8, 14.4,
13.2 and 14.3) during a low solar activity period F
10.7
D
68. Six profiles of electron
density have been selected from MGS observations carried out on 20 March 2005
at coordinates (74.4
ı
N, 106.5
ı
W), (74.3
ı
N, 49.2
ı
W), (74.2
ı
N, 209
ı
W), (70
ı
N,
156
ı
W) and (70
ı
N, 127
ı
W) and on 9 April 2005 at coordinates (70
ı
N, 99
ı
W). (The
data are not available in 2008 because MGS failed to work after 9 June 2006.) These
observations were again performed in the afternoon at nearly the same local times
(12.95, 12.96, 12.97, 13.75, 13.76 and 13.74) with low solar activity (equivalent
F
10.7
D
39 at Mars).
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