Global positioning systems as a practical fieldwork tool: applications in mountain environments - Applied Geography: Principles and Practice - page 601

with a GIS. The topic
reader has access to a Trimble Pathfinder GPS
receiver and the ArcView GIS. The topic comes
with sample data sets on CD-ROM as well as self-
study exercises. Leick (1995) and van Sickle (1996)
provide more technical overviews and look in detail
at many of the geodetic issues and recent advances
in GPS. Geographical examples of GPS technology,
particularly its physical applications, can be found
in journals such as Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing, and in the Technical Bulletin series
of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. For example;
August et al . (1994) consider the accuracy and
precision of locational data derived using GPS, and
Cornelius et al . (1994) and Fix and Bur t (1995) GPS
applications in geomorphology. GPS World provides
information on the types of GPS products available
and has review and research examples of GPS
technology applications. Peter Dana of the
University of Texas (a geographer) maintains one of
the best and most comprehensive web sites on GPS
technology. It is often the first call for new users of
GPS technology and can be found at:
http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/
gps/gps.html
There are also several e-mail discussion lists
dedicated to GPS. The best of these are GPS-L
and CANSPACE. GPS-L is a heavily subscribed
general discussion list and is a good place to seek
help with any problems encountered with your
GPS. CANSPACE provides technical information,
data concerning NAVSTAR and GLONASS
system operation and updates on the contents of
GPS-related journals.

Barnard, M.E. (1992) The global positioning system.
Institution of Electrical Engineers, IEE Review 99-102.
Carlisle, B.H. and Heywood, D.I. (1997) The accuracy of a
mountain DEM: research in Snowdonia, North Wales,
UK. In D.Bax (ed.) Proceedings of the 4th International
Symposium on High Mountain Remote Sensing
Cartography, Sweden: University of Karlstad, 71-86.
Carver, S.J., Cornelius, S.C., Heywood, D.I and Sear D.A.
(1995) Using computers and geographical information
systems for expedition fieldwork. The Geographical
Journal 161, 2: 167-76.
Cornelius, S.C., Sear, D.A., Carver, S.J. and Heywood, D.I.
(1994) GPS, GIS and geomorphological field work.
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 777-87.
Fix, R.E. and Burt, T.P. (1995) Global positioning system:
an effective way to map a small area or catchment. Earth
Surface Processes and Landforms 20: 817-27.
Gilbert, C. (1995) What's wrong with this picture? GPS
error—what you can fix and what you can't. Mapping
Awareness 9, 4: 26-8.
Goodchild, M.F. and D.W.Rhind (eds) (1991) Geographical
Information Systems: Principles and Applications. London:
Longman, 269-97.
Gray, J.M. (1982) The last glaciers (Loch Lomond Advance)
in Snowdonia, North Wales. Geological Journal 17, 2:
111-33.
Gray, J.M. and J.J.Lowe (1982) Problems in the
interpretation of small-scale erosional forms on
glaciated bedrock surfaces: examples from Snowdonia,
North Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 93:
403-14.
Heller, M. and Weibel, R. (1991). Digital terrain modelling.
In D.J.Maguire, M.F.Goodchild and D.W.Rhind (eds)
Geographical Information Systems Principles and
Applications. London: Longman, 269-97.
Jordan, G. and Shrestha, B. (1998) Integrating Geomatics and
Participatory Techniques for Community Forest Management:
Case Studies from the Yarsha Khola Watershed, Dolakha
District, Nepal. Nepal: ICIMOD.
Kennedy, M. (1996) The Global Positioning System and GIS:
An Introduction. Michigan:Ann Arbor Press.
Leick, A. (1995) GPS Satellite Surveying. New York: John
Wiley & Sons.
Magellan (1994) ProMARK X User Guide . California:
Magellan Systems Corporation.
Ordnance Survey (1996) Land-Form PROFILE User Guide.
Southampton: Ordnance Survey.
Smith, G.R., D.I.Heywood and J.C.Woodward (1997)
Integrating remote sensing, global positioning systems
and

REFERENCES

Addison, K., Edge, M.J. and Watkins R. (1990). The
Quaternary of North Wales: Field Guide. Coventry:
Quaternary Research Association.
Ashkenazi,V. and Dodson, A. (1992) Positioning with GPS.
Mapping Awareness and GIS in Europe 6, 7: 7-9.
August, P., Michaud, J., Labash, C. and Smith, C. (1994)
GPS for environmental applications: accuracy and
precision of locational data. Photogrammetric Engineering
& Remote Sensing 60, 1: 41-5.

geographic information systems for

geomorphological mapping in mountain