Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
that were offered by an integrated and coordinated
transport system, where subsidies ensured an
acceptable standard of services. Although
competition within modes, particularly bus
transport, has often improved conditions on the
more profitable routes, other areas have suffered a
decline in service levels. The application of new
technologies such as light rapid transit has improved
the efficiency of urban transport along some major
routes, but the underlying problem of satisfying the
demand for acceptable levels of movement within
cities at all times and in all areas has still to be
tackled. Many urban dwellers still see this demand
as being met most conveniently by the continuing
use of the car, but this practice, if left unchecked,
will eventually result in unacceptable and chaotic
levels of urban congestion that can be resolved only
by a reduction in overall travel and a greater use of
public transport for essential journeys. The long-
term reorganisation of urban land-use patterns in
order to achieve a decrease in both the number and
length of personal trips will require a vital input
from the applied geographer, whose spatial skills
will also be necessary in the planning and designing
of future transport systems, which will seek to
minimise the use of the private car and maximise
the role of public and non-motorised transport.
Tolley, R.S. (ed.) (1998)
The Greening of Urban
Transport: Planning for Walking and Cycling in Western
Cities.
London: Belhaven. Presents a world
viewpoint on current policies and planning
strategies for developing the 'green modes' in
cities of Europe and North America.
White, P. (1995)
Public Transport: Its Planning,
Management and Operation,
3rd edition. London:
UCL Press. Provides a practical guide to all aspects
of public transport policy, planning, organisation
and finance in British urban areas.
REFERENCES
Armstrong-White, A. (1993)
Public Transport in Third World
Cities.
Transport Research Laboratory, London:
HMSO.
Button, K.J. and Ngoe, N. (1991)
Vehicle Ownership and Use
Forecasting in Low Income Countries.
Transport Research
Laboratory, London: HMSO.
Cairncross, F. (1997)
The Death of Distance: How the
Communications Revolution will Change our Lives.
London: Orion.
Dimitriou, H.T. (1990a) The urban transport
planning process. In H.Dimitriou (ed.)
Transport
Planning for Third World Cities.
London: Routledge,
144-83.
Dimitriou, H.T. (1990b) Transport problems of Third
World cities. In H.Dimitriou (ed.)
Transport
planning for Third World Cities.
London: Routledge,
50-84.
Dunn, J.A. (1981)
Miles To Go: European and American
Transportation Policies.
Cambridge: Lexington.
Fielding, G.J. (1995) Transit in American cities. In S.
Hanson (ed.)
The Geography of Urban Transportation,
2nd
edition, NewYork: Guilford, 287-304.
Hall, P. and Hass-Klau, C. (1985)
Can Rail Save the City?
Rail Rapid Transit and Pedestrianisation in British and
German Cities.
Aldershot: Gower.
Knowles, R.D. (1996) Transport impacts of Greater
Manchester's Metrolink light rail system.
Journal of
Transport Geography
4(1), 1-15.
Knowles, R.D. and Fairweather, L. (1991)
The Impact of Rapid
Transit,
Metrolink Study Working Paper 2, Department
of Geography. Salford: University of Salford.
Maunder, D.C. and Mbara, T.C. (1995)
Initial Effects of
Introducing Commuter Bus Services in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Crowthorne:Transport Research Laboratory.
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
Banister, D. (1994)
Transport Planning in the UK,
USA and Europe.
London: E. & F.N.Spon. Deals
with the development of public passenger
transport planning, together with a comparative
analysis of its application to four leading industrial
nations and a discussion of issues to be resolved in
the twenty-first century.
Dimitriou, H.D. (ed.) (1990)
Transport Planning for
Third World Cities.
London: Routledge. Provides a
comprehensive review of current urban transport
planning practice in developing countries.
Hanson, S. (ed.) (1995)
The Geography of Urban
Transportation,
2nd edition. New York: Guilford
Press. Discusses both the theory and practice of
urban transportation in a North American context.
