Crime and fear of crime - Applied Geography: Principles and Practice - page 446

illustrating the connections between crime and
the communities served by the practitioners is
increasingly realised. Geographical profiling of
crime is more than just mapping the pattern of
events but involves the selection of relevant social,
demographic and environmental variables that
will enrich appreciation of the feasibility of
solutions to the problem of crime. The challenge
for geography is to move from understanding why
there are spatial concentrations of crime to
engaging in the development of crime prevention
strategies, sensitive to local need, that will reduce
the impact that crime has on the quality of
individual and community life.

Bennett, T. (1990) Evaluating Neighbourhood Watch.
Aldershot: Gower.
Bottoms, A.E. (1994) Environmental criminology. In
M.Maguire, R.Morgan and R.Reiner (eds) The Oxford
Handbook of Criminology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 585-
650.
Brantingham, P.J. and Brantingham, P.L. (1984) Patterns in
Crime. NewYork: Macmillan.
Brantingham, P.L. and Brantingham, P.J. (1981) Notes on
the geometry of crime. In P.L.Brantingham and
P.J.Brantingham (eds) Environmental Criminology,
Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 27-54.
Conklin, J.E. (1975) The Impact of Crime. New York:
Macmillan.
Damer, S. (1974) Wine alley: the sociology of a dreadful
enclosure. Sociological Review 22, 221-48.
Davidson, N. (1998) Garths Crime Reduction Scheme: Final
Evaluation Report. Hull: University of Hull, Centre for
Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Davidson, R.N. (1981) Crime and Environment. London:
Croom Helm.
Davidson, R.N. (1984) Burglary in the community:
patterns of localisation in offender-victim relations. In
R.Clarke and T.Hope (eds) Coping with Burglary,
Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff, 61-75.
Evans, D.J., Fyfe, N.R. and Herbert, D.T. (eds) (1992)
Crime, Policing and Place: Essays in Environmental
Criminology. London: Routledge.
Evans, D.J. and Herbert, D.T. (eds) (1989) The Geography of
Crime. London: Routledge.
Farrington, D.P. and Dowds, E.A. (1985) Disentangling
criminal behaviour and police reaction. In
D.P.Farrington and J.Gunn (eds) Reactions to Crime: The
Police, Courts and Prisons, Chichester:Wiley, 41-72.
Fattah, E.A. and Sacco, V.F. (1989) Crime and Victimization
of the Elderly. NewYork: Springer-Verlag.
Gerbner, G., Gross, L.P., Morgan, M. and Signorelli, N.
(1979) The demonstration of power: Violence Profile
no. 10. Journal of Communication 29, 177-96.
Gill, O. (1977) Luke Street: The Making of a Delinquency Area.
London: Macmillan.
Gilling, D. (1997) Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Politics.
London: UCL Press.
Guerry, A.M. (1833) Essai sur la statistique moral de la France
avec cartes. Paris: Crochard.
Hale, C. (1996) Fear of crime: a review of the literature.
International Review of Victimology 4, 79-150.
Harries, K.D. (1980) Crime and the Environment. Springfield,
Ill.: Charles C.Thomas.
Harries, K. (1993) Geography, homicide and execution: the
US experience, 1930-1987. Geoforum 24(2), 205-13.

GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
John Conklin's (1975) study of Boston is an
excellent starting point on crime and community
and is still highly relevant. Harries (1980), Herbert
(1982) and Davidson (1981) provide
complementary wider reviews of the geography of
crime. Brantingham and Brantingham (1984) is a
comprehensive text covering temporal as well as
spatial patterns and different levels of enquiry. Two
more recent edited volumes have a much wider
range of material—Evans and Herbert (1989) and
Evans et al . (1992). For a contemporary review of
environmental criminology, see Bottoms (1994).
The best review of fear of crime is Hale (1996),
which has a section on environmental influences. A
straightforward introduction to crime prevention
is offered by Hough and Tilley (1998), and a more
comprehensive review by Gilling (1997).

REFERENCES

Atkins, S., Husain, S. and Storey, A. (1991) The Influence of
Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Police
Research Group Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28,
London: Home Office.
Audit Commission (1996) Misspent Youth—Young People
and Crime. London: Audit Commission.
Baldwin, J. and Bottoms, A.E. (1976) The Urban Criminal .
London:Tavistock.
Bennett, T. (1989) Burglar's choice of targets. In D.J.Evans
and D.T.Herbert (eds) The Geography of Crime, London:
Routledge, 176-92.