Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
•
The geographer who is an
interpreter
uses such
information to provide an explanation of the
processes that are unfolding at the fringe,
often basing the interpretation on a
theoretical understanding of issues such as
planning and the workings of the political
economy. He/she may also evaluate the
effectiveness of previous policies.
Gilbert, A. and Gugler, J. (1992)
Cities, Poverty and
Development.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Covers the less developed world and emphasises
the 'buffer' role of the fringe.
Short, J.R. (1996)
The Urban Order.
Oxford:
Blackwell. Less directly on the fringe, but the ideas
are readily transferable.
•
The
forecaster
uses
ex-post
evaluation and
interpretation of events to forecast either how
the situation will evolve or how policy should
change in order to achieve a given position in
the future that is different from the
status quo
.
REFERENCES
Bourne, L.S. and Simmons, J.W. (1978)
Systems of Cities.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Champion, A. (1989)
Counterurbanisation.
London: Edward
Arnold.
Davis, M. (1990)
City of Quartz.
London:Verso.
Drakakis-Smith, D. (1980)
Urbanisation, Housing and the
Development Process.
NewYork: St Martin's Press.
Elson, M. (1986)
Green Belts.
London: Heinemann.
Gilbert, A. and Gugler, J. (1992)
Cities, poverty and
development.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gilg, A. (1985)
An Introduction to Rural Geography.
London:
Edward Arnold.
Haughton, G. and Hunter, C. (1994)
Sustainable Cities.
London: Jessica Kingsley.
Johnson, J.H. (1972)
Urban Geography,
2nd edition. Oxford:
Pergamon.
Marchand, B. (1986)
The Emergence of Los Angeles.
London:
Pion.
Mather, A. (1986)
Land Use.
Harlow: Longman.
Munton, R. (1982)
London's Green Belt.
London: Allen &
Unwin.
Northam, R. (1975)
Urban Geography.
NewYork:Wiley.
Pacione, M. (1984)
Rural Geography.
London: Harper &
Row.
Piel, M. (1991)
Lagos.
London: Belhaven.
Robinson, G. (1990)
Conflict and change in the countryside.
London: Belhaven.
Simmie, J. (1994)
Planning London.
London: UCL Press.
Sinclair, R. (1967)Von Thünen and urban sprawl.
Annals of
the Association of American Geographers
57, 72-87.
Taylor, R. (1993)
Urban Development in Nigeria.
Aldershot:
Avebur y.
•
The final role, that of
advocate,
sees the
geographer leaving the fairly safe world of the
'expert' and becoming an advocate for a
particular position in which he/she believes.
Clearly, the skills of the information gatherer,
interpreter and forecaster can be turned to good
use when combined with political
savoir faire
to
create the effective geographer-advocate.
The urban fringe is a dynamic and exciting
place in large and small cities in the developed and
less developed world. The stakes are high there, and
land-use changes are often controversial, not least
because their effects will be long-lasting.
Consensus on whether and how to manage the
urban fringe is as far away as ever. There is plenty
of scope for the geographer to do good applied
research on the fringes of cities around the world.
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
Johnson, J.H. (ed.) (1974)
Suburban Growth.
London: Wiley. Although dated now, this topic
gives a broad background to urban-fringe issues.
Bryant, C.R., Russwurm, L.H. and McLellan, A.G.
(1982)
The City's Countryside.
Harlow: Longman.
Good international coverage with a focus on
planning issues.
Burtenshaw, D., Bateman, M. and Ashworth, G.J.
(1986)
The European City.
London: David Fulton.
Best coverage of European cities, setting the fringe
in the context of the whole urban area.
