Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
as the practical management prescriptions in each
case can be so radically different.
Ethnographic methods have a critical role in
the exploration of landscapes' cultural and
heritage values. This type of research has tended
to replace the concept of 'landscape' by that of
'place'. This may reaffirm moves towards more
integrated approaches to management that
acknowledge links between social, economic,
cultural, aesthetic and ecological planning.
The analysis of the way in which people
respond to landscape change may be the biggest
research challenge in the future. Processes of
climate change may necessitate profound changes
in land management practices, even in traditional
cultures: in tandem with the effects of
globalisation, this may accelerate landscape change
in many parts of the world. Longitudinal
descriptive surveys have recorded and monitored
landscape change, particularly that generated by
changes in the agricultural and forestry economies.
Very considerable methodological problems face
researchers attempting to investigate people's
perception and evaluation of contemporary
landscape change. This is a crucial area for
developing research, as the management of the
speed of landscape change (not its direction) may
in the end be the most important issue facing
practitioners, rather than the maintenance of any
particular aesthetic quality or cultural
characteristic.
Up-to-date reports of research developments are
most readily accessed in the journal
Landscape
Research,
while
Landscape Planning
and
Landscape and
Urban Planning
frequently publish applied research.
Related issues such as landscape mapping can
be followed up in
Landscape Research
Vol. 19 No. 3,
1994, and landscape ecology in Selman (1993).
REFERENCES
Bateman, I., Willis, K. and Garrod, G. (1994) Consistency
between contingent valuation estimates. A comparison
of two studies of UK national parks.
Regional Studies
28, 457-74.
Brabyn, L. (1996) Landscape classification using GIS and
national digital databases.
Landscape Research
21(3),
277-87.
Burgess, J. (1996) The future for landscape research.
Landscape Research
21(1), 5-12.
Burton, R.C.J. (1982)
Visitor-public preferences for vegetation
types.
Technical Report No 7. Cannock Chase Country
Park Plan, Countryside Commission.
Cosgrove, D. (1990) Landscape studies in geography and
cognate fields of the humanities and social science.
Landscape Research
15(3), 1-6.
Department of Conservation (1990)
Tongariro National Park
Management Plan Vol. 1 Objectives and Policies.
Turangi,
New Zealand. Department of Conservation.
Droste, B., Plachter, H. and Rossler, M. (1995)
Cultural
Landscapes of Universal Value.
NewYork: Gustav Fischer
Verlag.
Harrison, C., Limb, M. and Burgess, J. (1986) Recreation
2000: views of the country from the city.
Landscape
Research
11(2), 19-24.
Jeurry Blankson, E. and Green, B. (1991) Use of landscape
classification as an essential prerequisite to landscape
evaluation.
Landscape and Urban Planning
21, 149-62.
Karjalainen, E. (1996) Scenic preferences concerning clear
fell areas in Finland.
Landscape Research
21(2), 159-73.
Kirby, V.G. (1993) Landscape, heritage and identity. Stories
from the West Coast. In C.M.Hall and S. McArthur
(eds)
Heritage Management in New Zealand and Australia.
Auckland: OUP, 119-29.
Kirby, V.G. (1997)
Heritage in Place.
Unpublished Ph.D.
thesis. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New
Zealand.
Layton, R. and Titchen, S. (1995) Uluru: an outstanding
Australian Aboriginal cultural landscape. In van Droste, B.,
Plachter, H. and Rossler, M. (eds)
Cultural Landscapes
GUIDE TO FURTHER READING
Uzzell (1991) and Zube
et al
. (1982) provide
excellent overviews of the range of environmental
psychology approaches, and both provide
extensive references to further case studies.
Cosgrove (1990) offers a similar analysis of the
social geographer's approach, while Price (1994)
gives a comprehensive review of the economic
evaluation techniques with a very full
bibliography. Sidaway (1990) debates some policy
applications of landscape research in the UK
context, while Burgess (1996) comments on
recent trends in landscape research.
