Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Removable lid
Still pot
Condenser
(coiled tubular)
Cooling
water
Plant
material
and water
Oil
Perforated
grid
Oil
Separator
(For oils lighter
than water)
Condensate
water
Fire
FIGURE 2.1 Simplified drawing of a steam distillation apparatus. When steam condenses
and cools, the oils then float to the top and separate from the aqueous phase.
Extract Flow to Isolate Natural Products from Their
Source (e.g., Marine and Plant Products)
1. Source the natural material (fresh or in dried form)
2. Grind material to powder
3. Extract with an organic solvent (liquid extraction)
4. Filter, remove marc
5. Retain the eluate
6. Separate between two immiscible solvents (solvent partition)
Retain organic layer and concentrate.
Note: In the case of a microbial source, upon fermentation the whole broth is
either extracted in its entirety with an organic solvent, followed by filtration.
Alternatively, the whole broth is filtered (centrifuged) to remove the cell mass
and the mycelia, then the filtrate is partitioned with an immiscible solvent or
adsorbed onto a solid phase resin.
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