Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 8.2
The opium-producing poppy
Papaver somniferum
. (Courtesy of Steven Foster.)
by either ammonium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The last step separates mor-
phine from other opium alkaloids. Today, morphine is isolated from opium in rela-
tively large quantities: over 1000 tons per year.
Raw Opium
Reflux with MeOH
Filtration
MeOH extract
Remove MeOH
Total alkaloids
1.0 M NaOH(aq)
and NaOAc
Filtrate
Extract with toluene
Retain aqueous phase
Adjust pH to 9 with AcOH
Morphine precipitate
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