Parenteral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins - Challenges in Delivery of Therapeutic Genomics and Proteomics - page 588

Table 11.16 (Continued)

CPP for P/P Delivery Characteristics Reference

Amevive (alefacept),
fusion protein
consisting of the
extracellular human
leukocyte functional
antigen 3 domain
linked to an IgG
fragment

Targeting of lymphocytes predominantly involved
in psoriatic lesions and facilitation of cellular
destruction (T-cell mediated) by immunoglobulin
portion

[7]

VP22-p53 chimeric
protein

Cytotoxic effect in osteosarcoma cells [504]

Tat-conjugated
antitumor antibody
Fab fragment

Reported as tightly bound conjugate to the surface
of A431 breast carcinoma cells. Enhanced the in
vitro cell surface retention and internalization of
whole antibody, effective for tumoricidal action

[505]

Tat-SpA(B domain of
staphylococcal protein
A) fusion protein
conjugated to IgG

Showed the intracellular delivery of antibody in a
time- and dose-dependent manner

[506]

Tat-OVA conjugate Tat antigen complex processed by antigen-

presenting cells, stimulated CD8 Ag-specific
T cells, resulting in effective killing of the target
cells

[507]

Tat-conjugated
antitetanus F(ab')2

The disulfide conjugate neutralized tetanus toxin
inside the cells

[508]

Chariot™
(manufactured by
Panomics)

Excellent for intracellular delivery of P/P drugs. One
remarkable characteristic is that within 2 h after
delivery, live cells can be assayed to determine
the effects of the introduced material, without the
need for fixing. Ideal tool for functional studies,
including delivering inhibitory proteins, labeling
organelles, screening peptide libraries, and studying
protein half-lives and transient complementation

[509]

size distribution, and spherical particle morphology [513,514] . DepoFoam has been
used for systemic delivery (subcutaneous, intramuscular) and for local delivery of
P/P drugs through intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraarticular, intraperitoneal, and intra-
dermal routes. Sustained release of encapsulated P/P in DepoFoam is attributed to
the multivesicular nature of the carrier.
Major factors affecting drug loading in the DepoFoam particles are usually aque-
ous solubility and membrane permeability of the drug, and also the osmolarity of the
drug-containing first aqueous solution. Various factors in the DepoFoam manufactur-
ing process influence the rate of drug release. For example, conditions of the aque-
ous solutions containing the drug (such as pH, osmolarity, drug and concentration,