Parenteral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins - Challenges in Delivery of Therapeutic Genomics and Proteomics - page 560

Table 11.7 List of P/P Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles

Protein/Peptide
Encapsulated

Characteristics of the System Reference

Urokinase Targeted drug delivery. Alternative copolymers of maleic

anhydride and n- butylvinylether hemiesterified with
2-methoxyethanol and grafted with PEG segments and
MAb-single chain fragment specific for fibrin clot.
Increased bioavailability observed at the site of action

[277]

VEGF PLGA nanoparticles promote vascular growth [278]

Leuprolide, insulin,
lysozyme

poly( N -isopropylacrylamide- co -methacrylic acid) of
various NIPAAm:MAA ratios dispersed in a matrix
of a hydrophobic polymer. Crosslinked PNIPAAm
shrinks or swells when temperature is raised above or
reduced below its phase transition temperature, with a
sharp volume change

[271]

BSA PEG-PLGA nanoparticles prepared by double emulsion

method. Extends BSA half-life and distribution

[197]

Lipid (solid)

Figure 11.9 Schematic representation of SLNs.

with those systems [280,281] . The various advantages such as the particulate nature of
SLNs, opportunity to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs; ability to sustain
the release of the incorporated drug; ability to prevent chemical, photochemical, or oxi-
dative degradation of drug; ability to immobilize the drug in the solid matrix; ease of
scale-up and manufacturing; and low cost of solid lipids as compared to phospholipids
and biodegradable polymers give SLN an edge over other colloidal carriers [281] . Also,
P/P drug delivery from SLN shows improved protein stability, avoids proteolytic degra-
dation, and provides sustained release of the incorporated molecules, improved bioavail-
ability and targeting ability, enhanced cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant cancer
cells, enhanced AUC (area under the plasma concentration curve) and MRT (mean resi-
dence time), enhanced anticancer efficacy, and enhanced brain targeting [281] .
Common lipids and excipients used in preparation of SLN and other lipid carriers
are poloxamers, PEGs, stearic acid-PEG 2000, F68 and Brij78 (stealth agents), cetyl
alcohol/polysorbate, trymyristin, egg phosphotidylcholine, pegylated phospholipids
(stabilizers), tripalmitin, acetyl palmitate (lipid matrix), N -[1-(2, 3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-
N , N , N -trimethylammonium chloride (cationic detergent), cetyltrimethylammonium