Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
scientists still have ways to go in developing a smart, sophisticated method of pro-
tein delivery. Knowledge of anatomical and physiological barriers, complexities of
body organization of higher animals, basic chemistry of proteins, hydrophobicity,
conformational and solubility aspects, structure activity relationship studies, and
immunological and various parameters pertinent to proteins have provided deep
insight into the mechanisms of action of proteins as pharmaceuticals. This knowledge
has been instrumental in changing the direction of protein-related research. Much
work has been undertaken to improve the formulation aspects of proteins, ranging
from designing and incorporating suitable permeation enhancers in protein formula-
tions to development of pulsatile and self-regulating drug delivery systems for pro-
teins. Huge strides in the fields of analytical chemistry, particularly the evolution of
highly sophisticated techniques like chromatography, mass spectrometry, and so on,
have made possible the accurate, reproducible, reliable, and exact analysis of pro-
teins. Synthetic techniques for proteins have undergone miraculous change ranging
from the use of the classical solution synthesis method to the use of biotechnologi-
cal advancements and recombinant DNA technology. Scientists have worked ardu-
ously to unravel the mysteries of proteins and thereby the entire biological system.
However, in spite of unprecedented progress achieved in the field of protein deliv-
ery, the dream of achieving targeted, site-specific, controlled drug delivery of protein
remains largely elusive and unfulfilled. The stability, safety, toxicological, and regu-
latory aspects associated with proteins are some of the critical components which
have to be addressed and resolved to facilitate the use of proteins as pharmaceuticals.
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge the financial assistance from TIFAC CORE in Novel Drug
Delivery Systems, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India,
New Delhi, for providing research facilities to the team.
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